活性炭用途

活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)在(zai)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)組(zu)成方面(mian)，80%-90%以上由碳(tan)組(zu)成，這也(ye)是(shi)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)為疏水性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)吸附劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)。活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)中除了碳(tan)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)外，還包含(han)有兩類(lei)摻和物：一(yi)類(lei) 是(shi)化(hua)學結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)，主要是(shi)氧和氫，這些元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)是(shi)由于未完全炭(tan)(tan)(tan)化(hua)而(er)殘(can)留在(zai)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)中，或者在(zai)活(huo)(huo)化(hua)過程中，外 來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)非(fei)碳(tan)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)與(yu)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)表(biao)面(mian)化(hua)學結(jie)合，如用水蒸氣活(huo)(huo)化(hua)時，活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)表(biao)面(mian)被氧化(hua)或水蒸氣氧化(hua);另一(yi)類(lei)摻和物是(shi)灰分，它(ta)是(shi)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)無機(ji)部分，幾種(zhong)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)組(zu)成 。隨著(zhu)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)不斷發展，越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多的(de)(de)(de)行業(ye)和企業(ye)運用到了活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)，也(ye)有一(yi)些企業(ye)進入了活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)行業(ye)。

活性炭的作用

活(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)一(yi)般用(yong)作過濾和脫色，作還原劑(ji)和吸(xi)收氣(qi)體。而根據(ju)其(qi)應用(yong)領域的不同，活(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)的具(ju)體作用(yong)又有所不同。比如二戰(zhan)時(shi)，活(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)就用(yong)于(yu)防毒(du)面(mian)具(ju)；自來水(shui)可(ke)以用(yong)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)除臭；而用(yong)在家中，活(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)可(ke)以凈化空氣(qi)，祛除有害物質(zhi)(zhi)等。正是(shi)由于(yu)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)的這(zhe)一(yi)系列優點(dian)，很多家庭也開始使用(yong)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)來提高家中的空氣(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量。

顆(ke)粒活性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)常(chang)常(chang)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于吸(xi)附(fu)分子(zi)，顆(ke)粒活性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)吸(xi)附(fu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)決(jue)定應(ying)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，而吸(xi)附(fu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和各(ge)種(zhong)炭(tan)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)大(da)小分布相關。以水蒸(zheng)氣活化的(de)(de)(de)泥煤(mei)基(ji)(ji)、 褐煤(mei)基(ji)(ji)和椰殼(ke)基(ji)(ji)粉狀活性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)為例：泥煤(mei)基(ji)(ji)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)具(ju)(ju)有(you)微孔(kong)和中孔(kong)，顆(ke)粒活性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)可(ke)供多種(zhong)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)；褐煤(mei)基(ji)(ji)炭(tan)具(ju)(ju)中孔(kong)較(jiao)(jiao)多，顆(ke)粒活性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)而且還有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)中孔(kong)，提供優良的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)入性(xing)(xing)(xing)；椰殼(ke)基(ji)(ji)顆(ke)粒活性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)中主要是微孔(kong)，僅適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于低(di)分子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)去除。

利用(yong)化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)(pin)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)化(hua)的(de)(de)顆粒活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭是(shi)(shi)非常多(duo)孔(kong)的(de)(de)，多(duo)在微孔(kong)和(he)中(zhong)孔(kong)范圍，但是(shi)(shi)，比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)蒸氣活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)化(hua)的(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭、化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)(pin)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)化(hua)的(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭的(de)(de)孔(kong)表面是(shi)(shi)較(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)疏水(shui)性(xing)和(he)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)負電荷。以擠壓型和(he)破碎型粒狀(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭為(wei)例：泥煤基擠壓型活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭能制成(cheng)各種(zhong)(zhong)不同孔(kong)大小分(fen)(fen)(fen)布的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。顆粒活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭微孔(kong)為(wei)主的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)主要用(yong)于氣相應(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)黃金回收。既有(you)微孔(kong)又有(you)中(zhong)孔(kong)的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)大都用(yong)于液(ye)相應(ying)用(yong)，如(ru)水(shui)純化(hua)中(zhong)吸(xi)附(fu)小分(fen)(fen)(fen)子和(he)大分(fen)(fen)(fen)子的(de)(de)雜質。

破(po)碎型煤 基(ji)顆(ke)粒活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)兼有(you)微孔(kong)和(he)(he)中孔(kong)，可供多種(zhong)目的(de)的(de)應用(yong)。褐煤基(ji)或椰(ye)殼基(ji)的(de)粒狀(zhuang)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)與粉狀(zhuang)炭(tan)一樣具有(you)相(xiang)同的(de)微孔(kong)和(he)(he)中孔(kong)結構。活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)的(de)技術指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)非(fei)常重(zhong)要(yao)：活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)產品的(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)可分為(wei)物(wu)理(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)、活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)化學性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)、顆(ke)粒活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)吸附性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)。三種(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)對(dui)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)的(de)選擇(ze)和(he)(he)應用(yong)都起到非(fei)常重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)作用(yong)。活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)主要(yao)物(wu)理(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)有(you)：形狀(zhuang)、外觀、比(bi)表面(mian)積、孔(kong)容積、比(bi)重(zhong)、目數、粒度、耐磨強度、漂浮率(lv)等(deng)。